Biologically active metabolites of Penicillium fungi

Penicillia are some of the most widespread hyphomycetes among microscopic fungi. Their natural habitats are soils of northern latitudes. They are known as producers of various types of biologically active compounds such as ergot alkaloids, diketopiperazines, quinolines, quinazolines and polyketides [1]. Penicillium fungi synthesize clavine ergot alkaloids whose structural specificity is that they share the tetracyclic ergoline nucleus. Clavine alkaloids can be divided into three groups. The first includes 6-N-methylergoline derivatives such as festuclavine, epicostaclavine, fumigaclavines and isofumigaclavines A and B with a completely saturated ring D. Ergolenes having a double bond in position 8,9, such as agroclavine, agroclavine-1, epoxyagroclavine-1 are assigned to the second group. The third group Abstract